The term "cloud computing" is one often used, and it generally refers to a wide range of processes and services that run on top of enterprise and mainstream technology. Cloud computing gives us access to a pool of computing resources (such as servers storage, programs, servers) within the cloud. It is only necessary to ask for additional resources when you need these. The process of getting resources running quickly is easy due to cloud technology. You can let go of resources that no longer are needed.

According to a study from the year 2019 State of the Cloud study conducted by Rightscale, 94% of enterprise enterprises are using at least one cloud-based service.

Deployment Models in Cloud :

Cloud deployment is a description of the cloud services that you are using and the model of who is responsible for these services. It determines your cloud's architecture, the capacity of the computing resource you use, the things you are able to change about the services offered to you and the percentage of the building you own. The cloud deployment model also establishes relationships between your cloud infrastructure and users (what users are permitted to modify or apply.

When you hear the words "cloud," "cloud computing," or "cloud service," you think about computing resources that another person manages, but that's only one model of cloud deployment. Public cloud is a kind of model where the cloud service provider is the owner and controls all servers, networking, as well as hardware. Cloud services are used to ensure scalability, reliability and resilience, and let us off from some of the work and to reduce costs and cut down on cost upfront.

Here are some of the most important kinds of Cloud deployment models:

● Public Cloud

The resource is available to all users under the pay-as-you-go model.

● Private Cloud

Managed and used by the company.

● Hybrid Cloud

This cloud-based deployment method is managed by the provider of the service and partially by the business.

● Community Cloud

Community Cloud is a resource shared between many organisations, typically within the same industry.

Public Cloud Deployment Model

All services and infrastructure deployed in the public cloud is shared by all users. They are available as a pay-per-user service. Using public cloud, the application can be moved across cloud environments for deployment and staging before it is made available in production .The cloud provider is accountable for the maintenance and creation for the cloud instances.The services available in public clouds vary from Infrastructure as a Service (storage and processing power) to Software as a Service (web applications). Examples of cloud providers that are public include Google Cloud Platform, Microsoft Azure Cloud along with Amazon Web Services.

Characteristics of Public Cloud

Below are the main features for this type of Public Cloud:

• Public cloud has uniformly designed Infrastructure which makes it infrastructure with lower complexity and failures.
• The company which provides public cloud services normally operates on a pay-per-use basis.
• The global public cloud market size was valued at USD 211.5 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.6% from 2020 to 2027.
• Public clouds offer security measures, but the customer is responsible for ensuring the security of their data and app security

Benefits Of Public Cloud Deployment Model

Here are the advantages that come with this Public Cloud Deployment Model:

• Accessible 24/7 and from anywhere with a robust permission and authentication system.
• There is no limitation on the number of users.
• Cloud service providers completely cover the entire Infrastructure. So, you don't have to install any hardware.
• It is not going to cost you any fees for maintenance because the service provider handles it.

Disadvantages of Public Cloud Deployments

Here are the disadvantages/cons to this Public Cloud Deployment Model:

• The privacy and autonomy of the organisation cannot be achieved.
• Users have limited control over underlying infrastructure.
• Users and service providers may experience security concerns due to shared infrastructure.
• Public cloud has a high level of dependency on stable internet connection.
• It offers very limited customization options to users.
• Many times public cloud service providers face bottlenecks due to compliance issues with regulatory requirements.
• Public cloud services can become more expensive in the long run.
• It offers very limited data migration options to its users which sometimes becomes a bigger challenge to deal with.
• Vendor lock-in occurs in the public cloud as and when a user is forced to continue using a product or service, because switching to another vendor is not practical.

Private Cloud Model

A private cloud deployment is utilised by any specific business.It can be either hosted externally or, in certain cases, situated on the premises. The deployment is protected by the firewall so no other organisations have no access to the cloud infrastructure. Private clouds are great for organizations where the regulation of their industry is very strict. The employees within the organization are able to access the cloud privately at any time and from any location with internet connectivity. While the private cloud is more expensive than public cloud services, private cloud services offer greater security and flexibility.

Characteristics of A Private Cloud

Here are the key features for this type of Private Cloud:

• It can be designed to meet specific compliance requirements.
• Increased security which leaves very minimal chances of leaks of information.
• Customizable to meet specific needs
• Weak SLA, however, you are able to implement your own policies.

Benefits of Choosing Private Cloud Deployments

Here are the advantages/pros from using the Private Cloud Deployment Model:

• You control the entire process of the integration of services IT operations, IT policies and user behaviour.
• Businesses can tailor their solutions in accordance with market needs.
• It is a reliable product that provides outstanding performance.
• Private cloud is compatible with older systems that can't connect to the public cloud.
• It is ideal for storing company information that only authorised employees have access to. You can integrate as many security solutions as feasible to safeguard your cloud.

Disadvantages of Private Cloud Deployments

Here are the disadvantages that come with using the Private Cloud Deployment Model:

• It is a hosted on-premises cloud that needs a substantial amount of capital investment to acquire and maintain the required hardware.
• It is more expensive to set up and maintain.
• Private clouds offer limited scalability compared to public clouds.
• It has high dependency on internal IT resources to manage and maintain.
• Scalability is dependent on the choice of the hardware.

What Is Hybrid Cloud Model

Hybrid cloud deployments blend cloud services from both public and private. The most common use for this configuration is employed for connecting an in-house private cloud with public cloud services, allowing flexibility when needed.

Within a hybrid cloud platform, applications and data move between private cloud platforms and cloud services offered by public cloud.

Applications and data move between private cloud platforms and public cloud within a hybrid cloud platform.

A common hybrid cloud configuration includes internal applications and programs that run in the private cloud however external services operate on public cloud service. The company may require access to other tools, such as Microsoft 365 or Google Workspace to manage emails, Dropbox or Google Drive to store data as well as Adobe Creative Suite for image and video editing.

Characteristics of hybrid cloud model

Following are the characteristics of hybrid cloud model.

• Flexibility:

  The hybrid cloud model offers a range of benefits, including the ability to use both on-premises and off-premises resources, providing flexibility in choosing the best option for specific workloads and use cases.

• Scalability:

  The public cloud resources can be easily added or removed as per the organization's demand, providing scalability.

• Security:

  The private cloud ensures high-level security and control, and public cloud shared security resources.

• Cost-effectiveness:

  Organizations can save costs by utilizing a combination of public and private cloud resources, and still being able to take advantage of the scalability and flexibility of the public cloud.

• Improved disaster recovery:

  The hybrid cloud also enables data replication and disaster recovery across on-premises and off-premises locations, and allows organizations to store sensitive data locally while still allowing access from anywhere, ensuring data sovereignty.

Advantages of Hybrid Cloud Deployments

Here are the benefits and pros that come with the Hybrid Cloud deployment Model:

• It gives you the power of both private and public cloud services.
• It is more secure than other cloud services.
• Hybrid clouds that are public offer capacity scalability. This means that you only pay for extra capacity when it is needed. It offers a robust flexibility for setup which allows customers to tailor the solution to meet their needs.
• It allows businesses to become more adaptable and create customised solutions to meet the specific needs of their customers.
• Data is correctly separated so the odds of data theft by hackers are significantly diminished.

Disadvantages of Hybrid Cloud Deployments

Here are the drawbacks and cons that come with the hybrid cloud deployment Model:

• Scope of implementing hybrid cloud deployment is limited to companies that has different demands or uses for managing workloads.
• It is Complex to manage and maintain a hybrid environment. Dependency on internal IT resources to manage and maintain.

What Is Community Cloud Model

• A community cloud is a cloud infrastructure in which multiple organizations share resources and services based on common requirements. In the majority of cases, it is an individual cloud that works like a public cloud. These cloud services are used when users share common goals or are part of one industry and have a common agreement on security and compliance policies.They are utilized in healthcare, finance, government as well as in certain professional sectors, such as open source.
• Community clouds are privately managed via remote access or on-site via a data centre. Users who are authorized, have access to the segmented areas of the cloud.

Advantages of Community Cloud Deployments

Here are the benefits and pros from using the Community Cloud Deployment Model:

• You can establish a low-cost private cloud. It's economical, since many communities or organisations are able to share the cloud. It is a place for collaboration which allows users to increase their productivity.
• It assists you in doing collaborative work in the cloud. It's a great model for collaboration as well as data sharing.
• You can share your infrastructure, resources and other resources. and with many organisations.
• Provides more security than the cloud that is public.

Disadvantages of Community Cloud Deployments

Here are the disadvantages that come with using the Community Cloud Deployment Model:

• Limited accessibility as the community cloud is shared by a specific group of organisations, and may not be accessible to other organisations.
• Dependence on internal IT resources to manage and maintain the cloud infrastructure. Community clouds are not as common as public and private clouds but they can be beneficial for specific industries and organizations with shared requirements and concerns.
• Potential vendor lock-in if the community cloud uses proprietary technologies or services.

What Is Multi-cloud Model

• "Multi-cloud" refers to using multiple cloud computing services from different providers in a single, unified architecture.
• Multi-cloud deployments can have a variety of advantages. A multi-cloud deployment can leverage multiple IaaS (Infrastructure-as-a-Service) vendors, or it could use a different vendor for IaaS, PaaS (Platform-as-a-Service), and SaaS (Software-as-a-Service) services. Multi-cloud could be solely for backup and redundancy as well as incorporating various cloud providers for different types of services.

Advantages of a Multi-Cloud Model:

• Compare and integrate top features of each cloud provider's service to meet the requirements of user workloads, apps and your business needs by choosing various cloud providers.
• Improved reliability and availability: By distributing workloads across multiple cloud providers, organizations can reduce the risk of outages and ensure that their applications remain available even if one provider experiences a problem.
• Enhanced security: A multi-cloud approach can increase security by reducing the risk of a single point of failure, and by allowing organizations to take advantage of the different security features offered by each provider.
• Cost savings: Using multiple cloud providers can help organizations reduce costs by taking advantage of the different pricing structures and discounts offered by each provider.
• Better compliance: A multi-cloud approach can help organizations meet specific compliance requirements by choosing cloud providers that are compliant with specific regulations.
• To decrease latency and enhance the user experience, select cloud regions and zones that are near your customers.
• It's very rare that two different clouds can have an issue at the same time. Therefore, the deployment of multiple clouds increases the availability and reliability of the services you offer.

Disadvantages of Multi-Cloud Model:

• The combination of multiple clouds can make the system complicated and bottlenecks could occur.
• Due to the complexity of the structure, there are vulnerabilities that hackers could take advantage, which makes the data vulnerable.
• Increased complexity: Managing multiple cloud providers can be more complex and time-consuming than using a single provider.
• Higher costs: The use of multiple cloud providers can lead to increased expenses when it comes to implementation and maintenance.
• Lack of standardisation: Standardization of processes and workflows may be difficult due to the different set of tools and technologies each provider has.
• Limited integration: Integrating applications and services across multiple providers can present challenges and may require extra development and integration efforts.
• Vendor lock-in: Dependence on specific providers can occur, making it difficult to switch to other providers in the future.
• Lack of support from providers: Support from providers may be limited as they may not be familiar with the other providers' services and configurations in a multi-cloud environment.

A Comparative Analysis Of Cloud Deployment Models

Top 3 Cloud Computing Service Models

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service):

Allows businesses and companies to run applications using cloud hardware such as servers, virtual machines storage, load balancers and networks.

The advantages:

• IaaS providers invest heavily in security technology and expertise.
• Access to state-of-the-art data centre, hardware and operating systems.

PaaS (Platform as a Service):

Allows users to create cloud-based applications by using tools and solutions, as well as components that are available by the cloud, a cloud hosting environment and deployment.

The advantages:

• No need to purchase hardware or pay expenses during downtime.
• No need to spend time setting up/maintaining the core stack.

SaaS (Software as a Service):

Allows users to access online applications that are already available and to store the data.

The advantages:

• Ability to run via an internet browser 24/7 from any device.
• No installation, equipment updates or traditional licensing management.

How do you select the appropriate Cloud Deployment Models

Companies are using cloud computing models across the globe. Each one of them addresses specific problems. Therefore, finding the most suitable cloud deployment Model for your business is essential.

Here are some points to keep in mind when selecting the appropriate Cloud Model for deployment. Model:

• Scalability : The first step is to determine if the activity of your users is growing rapidly or unpredictable with sudden spikes in demand.
• Security and privacy : Select a service provider which protects your privacy as well as secures your personal information.
• Cost : It is your responsibility to determine the number of resources you require to run your cloud service. Calculate the approximate monthly cost of these cloud resources using different cloud service providers.
• Easy to use : You must select a model that doesn't have a high learning curve.
• Legal Conformity : You need to check whether any applicable laws prevent you from selecting a particular Cloud deployment strategy.

Common Issues for Cloud Adoption

Here are some of the most common adoption concerns you might encounter:

• It is impossible to guarantee 100% accessibility without having a reliable system architecture.
• Vendor lock-ins are also an issue that consumers always face, however in actual practice, they have to live with it.
• It is nearly impossible to ensure 100% security and privacy.
• Enterprise users need to maintain the legal documentation for their business.

Summary

• Cloud deployment involves the process of installing the hardware and software that can be accessed via the Internet using a specific platform.
• The four most significant cloud deployment models include 1) Public Cloud, 2) Private Cloud, 3) Community Cloud, and four) Hybrid Cloud.
• The public cloud is accessible to all users and the resources are shared among all users.
• Private cloud is the term used to describe a private environment that is only accessible to one person (customer).
• Community Cloud-based infrastructure models that allow different organisations sharing resources and resources according to the standard requirements of regulatory compliance.
• Hybrid cloud model is a hybrid of two cloud types: private and public.